As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of kissbrides.com ylivoimainen sivusto kansainvГ¤lisille opiskelijoille hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).

Which relationships is especially solid inside the Shenzhen

Overall, plus supporting proof a beneficial dyadic replace, particularly in Shenzhen, we plus get a hold of supportive facts getting field replace, just like the migrants are more inclined to wed a city spouse (we.elizabeth., to form hukou intermarriage) as their studies grows. The outcome suggest a top odds of hukou locality-studies replace for non-college-educated migrants inside the Shenzhen compared to Shanghai, however, a similar probability of hukou locality-degree change on these two locations having school-educated migrants, and therefore helps Theory 3 the straight down likelihood of hukou area-studies change inside Shanghai, than the Shenzhen, holds to own non-college-educated migrants yet not having college or university-educated migrants.

Considering Model 5 off Dining table dos and Contour dos , regional spouses’ degree is not of the the journal-likelihood of hukou area intermarriage, which relationship cannot disagree between them places

To date, i’ve noticed only intermarriage ranging from locals and you may migrants, as opposed to pinpointing ranging from two hukou models. In our test, neighbors was mainly metropolitan hukou holders whereas migrants primarily keep rural hukou in both metropolitan areas. Especially, within the Shanghai, from the 85% away from locals but only about 20% off migrants keeps metropolitan hukou. Within the Shenzhen, every residents hold metropolitan hukou, but just about thirty-five% off migrants was metropolitan hukou owners. The new scientific differences out-of hukou type between neighbors and you will migrants indicates a probability of hukou style of exchange contained in this inter-hukou-area ine whether or not hukou method of influences our performance.

Very first, i have a look at this new shipments out-of hukou sorts of certainly intermarriages away from hukou area. Since the revealed inside Figure A1, more half of the newest couples where a couple of spouses differ for the hukou area means homogamy with regards to hukou kind of. This will be in keeping with past conclusions that all Chinese elizabeth hukou variety of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & He, 2014). A beneficial gender asymmetric pattern away from hukou interong partners associated with good migrant partner and you may a location wife, only eleven% was rural-husband-urban-wife people while 86% are metropolitan-husband-urban-partner lovers. In contrast, certainly people where partner are a good Shanghai local resident as well as the wife try a great migrant, 45% is urban-husband-rural-wife lovers. In other words, whenever women which have Shanghai hukou wed migrants, they have a tendency so you can marry urban migrants, while guys with Shanghai hukou exactly who marry migrant female tend to wed rural migrants. Into the Shenzhen, so it gender development is less noticable: 26% regarding migrant-husband-local-wife lovers has actually a metropolitan wife and you can a rural husband, whereas twelve% off local-husband-migrant-spouse people cover a metropolitan husband and an outlying wife. Such conclusions advise that from inside the Shanghai wedding market, both hukou area and you will hukou particular build intermarriage patterns, however in Shenzhen hukou sort of looks less crucial. They then helps all of our conclusions on hukou barrier becoming stronger during the Shanghai than in Shenzhen.

Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? _{Shenzhen*hukou homogamy} =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>